Scientists have made huge efforts in studying ginsenosides in the past years, and their research job has helped expand the health benefits of ginsenosides widely toward anticancer fields, no longer just limited to anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, immunity boosting properties.
Different indications of ginsenosides towards various cancer cells have been investigated and colorectal cancer is one of them. A number of lab testing and living animal studies showed that ginsenosides can inhibit colorectal cancer via various mechanisms of action.
Researchers from the University of Chicago investigated the antitumor activity of ginsenoside Rh2 in HCT116 and SW480 colorectal cancer cells. They found that ginsenoside Rh2 induced apoptosis and paraptosis-like cell death in colorectal cancer cells.
Another study published in the Experimental and Molecular Pathology found that ginsenoside Rg3 can inhibit the migration and invasion of cancer cells and promote the death of colorectal cancer cell line Caco2.
Moreover, ginsenoside Rh4 was found to induce apoptosis and autophagic cell death in colorectal cancer cells.
What excites scientists is that ginsenosides showed potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of existing primary treatments.
A study showed that ginsenoside Rg3 can bring toxicity to colorectal cancer cells to enhance the antitumor activity of radiotherapy.
Another study published in the Journal of Applied Biomedicine found that a combination of chemotherapy drug Fluorouracil and red American ginseng (whose main active constituents are ginsenoside Rg3, 20R-Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5) can achieve a synergistic effect against colorectal cancer cells.
Some clinical studies also suggest that ginsenosides have potential to improve anticancer immunity of colon cancer patients and prolong their survival during postoperative chemotherapy.
In a clinical study, South Korean scientists investigated the immunomodulatory properties of red ginseng (rich in ginsenoside Rg5 and Rk1). 47 eligible patients who underwent the curative colon surgery were recruited in the study. All of them were treated with chemotherapy Fluorouracil plus leucovorin after the curative operation. The researchers measured some biochemical factors as immune modulators in cancer patients, finding that red ginseng has immunomodulatory activities to help cancer patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Ginsenosides also can reduce cancer-related fatigue.